Digitalisation is becoming a defining feature of individual and family care (IFO) in the Nordic countries. This development is characterised by technical innovation as well as governance structures, organisational capacity and professional standards. To ensure that the digital transformation strengthens rather than undermines the core values of the Nordic welfare systems, a continuous focus on equality, participation, transparency and professional ethics is required.
This is set out in a report on health and welfare technology (HWT) presented by the Nordic Welfare Centre in collaboration with the research network Nordic Health and Welfare Technology Research Network.
The report presents an overview of Nordic research and grey literature on digitalisation and HWT within social services, with a particular focus on IFO. The aim is to map existing knowledge, identify patterns and knowledge gaps, and provide an overview of how digital technology is currently shaping practice, organisation and governance within social services in the Nordic region.
Key findings
Digitalisation produces mixed and context-dependent effects
HWT can enhance accessibility and flexibility for some service users while simultaneously creating risks of digital exclusion. Differences in digital literacy, access to technology, and organisational capacity may lead to unequal access to digital services.
Professional practice is reshaped but not replaced
Digital case management systems and documentation platforms influence how professionals record information, structure assessments, and exercise professional judgement. However, relational work, trust, and professional discretion remain central elements of social service practice.
Governance and infrastructure matter
Much of the digital transformation in IFS occurs through administrative infrastructures such as documentation systems, interoperability platforms, and data-sharing arrangements. These systems influence organisational accountability, coordination across agencies, and the overall functioning of welfare services.
Automation raises new governance challenges
Automation and algorithmic decision-support tools can increase efficiency in rule-based tasks but raise important questions concerning transparency, accountability, and professional responsibility. The literature emphasises the importance of maintaining human oversight in high-stakes decision-making contexts.
