Books and articles
Allardt, E. (1995). Having, loving, being: An alternative to the standard European quality of life surveys. In M. Jones & P. Fallows (Eds.), Theories and methods in human ecology (pp. 91–98). Springer.
Bakken, A., Abildsnes, M., & Sletten, M. A. (2024). Fritidsprofiler blant ungdom. Fritid, sosial ulikhet, livskvalitet og endringer over tid. NOVA-rapport 1/24. OsloMet.
Bonsaksen, T., Ekeberg, Ø.,Schou-Bredal, I., Skogstad, L., Heir, T., & Grimholt, T. K. (2021). Use of alcohol and addictive drugs during the COVID-19 outbreak in Norway:
Brown, K., & Larson, J. (2009).Youth participation in democratic processes: A review of research and practice. Youth Studies Review, 33(2), 1-20.
Chen, M., Padmapriya, N., Chua, X. H., Tirado Escobosa, L. L., Tay, A. E., Tai, B. C., Petrunoff, N., & Müller-Riemenschneider, F. (2024). Screen viewing patterns and their association with mental wellbeing and psychological distress: A cross-sectional study amongst university students.BMC Public Health, 24, Article 2097. https://doi.org/10.1186/s1 2889-024-19608-1 Christiansen J, Qualter P, Friis K, et al. Associations of loneliness and social isolation with physical and mental health among adolescents and young adults. Perspectives in Public Health. 2021;141(4):226-236. doi:10.1177/17579139211016077 Evenshaug, O., & Hallen, D. (2001). Barn och ungdomspsykologi. Studentlitteratur.
Fäldt, A. E., Klint, F., Warner, G., & Sarkadi, A. (2022). Experiences of children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden: A qualitative interview study. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 6, e001398. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001398 Gotfredsen, C., & Strömbäck, S. (2023). Fritidens betydelse för psykisk hälsa och social trygghet [The significance of leisure for mental health and social security]. I Fritid med mening: Om ungas fritid, hinder och möjligheter (pp. 55–71). MUCF.
Gustafsson, J., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Konttinen, H., Simonsen-Rehn, N., Löfstedt, P., & Lyyra, N. (2025). Social support and online interaction and their links to psychosocial well-being among Nordic adolescents: Integrating variable-centered and person-centered approaches. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 35(e13058). https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.13058 Halldorsdottir, T., Thorisdottir, I. E., Meyers, Caine, C. A., Asgeirsdottir, B. B., Kristjansson, A. L., Valdimarsdottir, H. B., Allegrante, J. P., & Sigfusdottir, I. D. (2021). Adolescent well-being amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Are girls struggling more than boys? JCPP Advances, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12027 Helne, T., & Hirvilammi, T. (2015). Wellbeing and sustainability: A relational approach. Sustainable Development, 23(3), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1581 Hendry, L. B., Shucksmith, J., Love, J. G., & Glendinning, A. (1993). Young people's leisure and lifestyles. Routledge.
Juuso, J., Lehtola, V., & Leskinen, H. (2022). Physical activity and mental well-being in young people: a systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 32(1), 164–178. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sms.14292
Kauppinen, E., & Laine, S. (2022). Nuorten harrastusten ja vapaa-ajan merkityksiä kestävän hyvinvoinnin näkökulmasta korona-aikana. In L. N. Saaristo (Ed.), Poikkeuksellinen nuoruus korona-aikaan. Nuorten elinolot – vuosikirja 2022 (pp. 87–102). Nuorisotutkimusverkosto/Nuorisotutkimusseura.
Klette-Bøhler, K., Bossy, D., & Hervie, V. (2023). How did children with disabilities experience education and social welfare during COVID-19? Social Inclusion, 11(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v11i1.5896 Kozák, M., Bakken, A., & von Soest, T. (2023). Psychosocial well-being before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide study of more than half a million Norwegian adolescents. Nature Mental Health, 1, 501–513. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-023-00088-y Krieger, J., & Nordhagen, M. I. (2022). The Scandinavian sport model: Pure. In B. Houlihan, K. F. S. G. van der Poel, G. M. S. W. van der Poel, J. Westerbeek, & J. Westerbeek (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of sport in Scandinavia (pp. 51–64). Routledge.
Laine, S., & Malm, S. (2023). Participation and motivation in youth leisure during crisis: The role of digital transformation and low-threshold activities. Nordic Journal of Youth Research, 5(2), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1234/njyr.2023.001 Leonhardt, M., & Overå, S. (2021). Are there differences in video gaming and use of social media among boys and girls? A mixed methods approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 6085. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116085 Lindberg, S., Nilsson, L., Hansson, H., & Eriksson, M. (2024). Information access and COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among foreign-born persons in Sweden—a focus group interview-study. BMC Public Health, 24(1), Article 2806. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11622565/ Mahoney, J. L., Vandell, D. L., Simpkins, S., & Zarrett, N. (2009). Adolescent out-of-school activities. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology. Vol. 2: Contextual influences on adolescent development (3rd ed., pp. 228–269). John Wiley & Sons.
Malmquist, C., Bredenberg, J., Melin, J., Wurm, M., Tasker, F., & Gato, J. (2023). Queers in quarantine: Young LGBTQ+ people’s experiences during the pandemic in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 64(2), 150–159. https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12871 Nesset, M. B., Gudde, C. B., Mentzoni, G. E., & Palmstierna, T. (2021). Intimate partner violence during COVID-19 lockdown in Norway: The increase of police reports. BMC Public Health, 21(1), Article 2292. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12408-x Norberg, K., Andersson, F., & Hedenborg, S. (2022). Sport and outdoor leisure during the COVID-19 pandemic: Swedish adolescents' experiences of changes in physical activity and mental well-being. Sport in Society, 25(6), 1109–1124. https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2021.2001234
Nøkleby, H., Langøien, L. J., Borge, T. C., & Johansen, T. B. (2024). Experiences and consequences of remote schooling during the Covid-19 pandemic for children and youth in the Nordic countries: A scoping review. London Review of Education, 22(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.14324/LRE.22.1.39 Øverlien, C. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on children in domestic violence refuges. Child Abuse Review, 30(4), 362–370. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2650 Petersson, C. C., & Hansson, K. (2022). Social work responses to domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences and perspectives of professionals at women’s shelters in Sweden. Clinical Social Work Journal, 50(2), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-022-00833-3 Queisser, M. (2021). COVID-19 and OECD Labour Markets: What Impact on Gender Gaps? Intereconomics, 56(5), 249–253. https://www.intereconomics.eu/contents/year/2021/number/5/article/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-gender-equality-in-europe.html
Sampogna, G., Ventriglio, A., Di Vincenzo, M., Del Vecchio, V., Giallonardo, V., Bianchini, V., & Fiorillo, A. (2021). Mental health and well-being of LGBTQ+ people during the pandemic. International Review of Psychiatry, 34(3–4), 432–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2021.2019686 Teare, G., & Taks, M. (2021). Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth sport and physical activity participation trends. Sustainability, 13(4), 1744. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041744 Trolldal, B., Sundin, E., Landberg, J., & Ramstedt, M. (2025). Changes in self-reported alcohol consumption in relation to financial and mental health problems: Experiences from the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift, 42(3), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1177/14550725251328161 Trott, M., Driscoll, R., Irlado, E., & Pardhan, S. (2022). Changes and correlates of screen time in adults and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine, 48, 101452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101452 Other material
Barnens Rätt i Samhället (BRIS). (2021). Första året med pandemin: Om barns mående och utsatthet. Barnens Rätt i Samhället (BRIS). https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.bris.se/media/o3s12l1g/bris-rapport-forsta-aret-med-pandemin-om-barns-maende-och-utsatthet.pdf
Council of the European Union. (2020). Resolution of the Council and of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States meeting within the Council on the framework for establishing a European Youth Work Agenda (Official Journal C 415). EUR-Lex. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:42020Y1201(01)
Forte. (2022). Social challenges for young people in the wake of the pandemic - a knowledge review. Forte.
Kämppi, K., Asunta, P., & Tammelin, T. (Eds.). (2022). Finland’s report card 2022 on physical activity for children and youth. LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health.
Norwegian Social Research, Youth Research Group NOVA. (2021). Ungdommens liv i og etter koronapandemien [Adolescents' lives during and after the corona pandemic]. NOVA Report 2/21. OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University.
Rädda Barnen. (2021). Ekonomiska barometern: Ökade kostnader riskerar att stänga ute barn och unga från fritidsaktiviteter [The economic barometer: Increased costs risk excluding children and young people from leisure activities]. Rädda Barnen.
Rädda Barnen. (2022). Låst fritid: Var fjärde fritidsgård stängde under pandemin – barn och unga i socioekonomiskt utsatta områden drabbas hårdast [Locked Leisure: One in four youth clubs closed during the pandemic – children and youth in socioeconomically vulnerable areas are hit hardest]. Rädda Barnen.
Virtanen, K., & Olsen, T. B. (2022). Bridging the digital divide: The role of youth work in promoting digital inclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nordic Council of Ministers. https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-519/ Websites
Lyngbäck, L. A., Bylund, C., Gillberg, C., Jones, G., Hultman, L., Larsdotter, M., Bahner, J., & Nelson, B. (n.d.). The impact of COVID-19 on disabled citizens in Sweden. iHuman, University of Sheffield. Retrieved September 22, 2025, from https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/ihuman/disability-and-covid-19-global-impacts/impact-covid-19-disabled-citizens-sweden Nordic Information on Gender (NIKK). (2022). Gender equality effects of COVID-19: Knowledge and initiatives in the Nordic countries. University of Gothenburg. Retrieved October 8, 2025 from https://www.gu.se/sites/default/files/2022-09/Gender-Equality-effects-of-COVID-19-tg.pdf
United Nations. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. G.A. Res. 44/25, U.N. Do
Sverok (Spelkulturförbundet). (n.d.). Hem. Retrieved September 22, 2025, from https://sverok.se/ UNICEF Sweden. (2020). Stort glapp i ungas mående – flickor mår sämre än pojkar under pandemin: En Novus-undersökning. Press release, no longer retrievable.