Author and year | Country | Study sample | Sample size | Time of data collection | Mode of data collection | Study design | |
1 | Barrett et al. (2022) | Norway | Patients with mental illness | 520 | June 5 – July 5, 2020 | Online survey | Cross-sectional |
2 | Hansen et al. (2021b) | Norway | Older adults (aged 65–92) | T1: 4,104 T2: 2,865 T3: 2,831 | T1: September 23 – October 18 and January 27 – February 16, 2020 T2: June 4 – 18, 2020 T3: November 18 – December 4, 2020 | Online survey | Longitudinal |
3 | Hansen et al. (2021c) | Norway | Adults (aged 19–92) | 10,740 | Autumn 2019 / Winter 2020 and Summer 2020 | Online survey | Longitudinal |
4 | Heiberg et al. (2022) | Norway | Older adults (aged 60–96) | 17 | October – November 2020 | Semi-structured in-person interviews | Qualitative interviews at one point in time |
5 | Hoffart et al. (2020) | Norway | Adults (aged 18+) | 10,061 | March 31 – April 7, 2020 | Online survey | Cross-sectional |
6 | Hoffart et al. (2022) | Norway | Adults (18+) | T1: 10,061 T2: 4,936 | T1: March 31 – April 7, 2020 T2: June 22 – July 13, 2020 | Online survey | Longitudinal |
7 | Kjerkol et al. (2020) | Norway | Older adults (50+) receiving municipal health and care services, and service providers | 38 + 30 | July/August 2020 | Structured interviews | Qualitative interviews at one point in time |
8 | Kvarstein et al. (2022) | Norway | Patients with personality disorder | 133 | June – October 2020 | Survey | Cross-sectional |
9 | Kynø et al. (2021) | Norway | Parents of infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) | 13 | Autumn 2020 | Semi-structured in-person and online interviews | Qualitative interviews at one point in time |
10 | Sørbye et al. (2022) | Norway | Older adults receiving homecare | 30 | Spring 2020 | Mixed methods: screening instrument and telephone interviews | Qualitative interviews at one point in time |
11 | Beridze et al. (2022) | Sweden | Older adults (aged 68–103) | 1,231 | 2016 – 2019 and May – June 2020 | Mixed methods: questionnaire and telephone interviews | Cross-sectional |
12 | Engström et al. (2022) | Sweden | Critically ill COVID-19 patients | 13 | July 2020 – March 2021 | Telephone and face-to-face interviews | Qualitative interviews at one point in time |
13 | Gustafsson et al. (2022) | Sweden | Older adults receiving homecare | 45,123 | Spring 2019 and 2020 | Survey | Longitudinal |
14 | Hansson et al. (2020) | Sweden | Older adults (aged 65–71) | 3,447 | Spring 2020 | Report | Longitudinal |
15 | Kivi et al. (2021) | Sweden | Older adults | 1,071 | 2015 – 2020 | Survey | Longitudinal |
16 | Naurin et al. (2020) | Sweden | Pregnant women (weeks 12–19) (and their partners) | 3,113 | September 16, 2019 – August 25, 2020 | Survey | Longitudinal |
17 | Nordgren & Richert (2022) | Sweden | Social workers | 81 + 10 | Survey: May 11 – August 20, 2020 Interviews: May 18, 2020 – January 11, 2021 | Mixed methods: online survey and semi-structured focus group interviews | Qualitative interviews at three points in time |
18 | Rydelius et al. (2022) | Sweden | Women (aged 15–44) | 1.9 million + 15 | Data on abortions: January 2018 –June 2020 Data on births: January 2018 – March 2021 Interviews: June 2020 | Mixed methods: register data and interviews | Register data and qualitative interviews |
19 | Von Berens et al. (2021) | Sweden | Older people (70+) | 2,398 | June 2020 | Report | Cross-sectional |
20 | Holm et al. (2022) | Finland | People (20+) with disabilities | 22,165 | 2020–2021 | Survey | Cross-sectional |
21 | Kulmala et al. (2021) | Finland | Community-dwelling oldest old people (80+) | 15 | August 20 – December 1, 2020 | Telephone interviews | Cross-sectional |
22 | Latikka et al. (2022) | Finland | Study 1: aged 21–77 Study 2: 18–64 | Study 1: T1: 3,724 T2: 1,134 T3: 735 Study 2: T1: 1,817 T2: 1,318 T3: 1,081 T4: 1,152 T5: 1,018 | Study 1: t1 December 2017; t2 March – April 2019; t3 May – June 2020 Study 2: t1 March – April 2019; t2 September – October 2019; t3 March – April 2020; t4 September – October 2020; t5 March – April 2021 | Survey | Longitudinal |
23 | Lehtisalo et al. (2021) | Finland | Older adults at risk of dementia | 613 | June – September 2020 | Postal survey | Cross-sectional |
24 | Mäkiniemi et al. (2021) | Finland | University employees | 1,463 | September 28 – October 11, 2020 | Electronic survey | Cross-sectional |
25 | Savela et al. (2022) | Finland | Family caregivers of older adults | 101 | June – December 2020 | Mixed methods: in-person interviews | Cross-sectional |
26 | Clotworthy et al. (2021) | Denmark | General population (aged 18–87) Families with children (living at home) Older people (65+) | General population: 1,046 Families with children: 1,032 Older people: 1,059 | Surveys: March 20 – June 25, 2020 Interviews: March 30 – May 17, 2020 | Mixed methods: surveys and telephone interviews | Cross-sectional |
27 | Hanghøj et al. (2021) | Denmark | Adolescents and young cancer patients and survivors (aged 18–29) | 13 | April 28 – May 1, 2020 | Semi-structured telephone interviews | Cross-sectional |
28 | Jensen et al. (2022) | Denmark | Women with recent gestational diabetes | 11 | April – May 2020 | Semi-structured telephone/online interviews | Cross-sectional |
29 | Joensen et al. (2022) | Denmark | Young people (aged 18–24) with and without pre-existing depressive symptoms | COVID-19 survey: wave 1: 7,431 wave 8: 8,808 DNBC-18 (2018): 28,579 | COVID-19 survey: April/May 2021 DNBC-18: 2018 – March 2021 | Survey | Longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional |
30 | Kusk et al. (2021) | Denmark | Patients (aged 47–87) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 18 | June/July 2020 | Semi-structured telephone interviews | Cross-sectional |
31 | Kølbæk et al. (2021) | Denmark | Patients with mental illness (18+) | 992 | Spring 2020 | Online survey | Cross-sectional and data from medical records |
32 | Madsen et al. (2021) | Denmark | People with diabetes | Q1: 1,366 | March 19 – June 25, 2020 | Online survey | Longitudinal |
33 | Mousing & Sørensen (2021) | Denmark | Patients (aged 28–81) with COPD | 13 | June – September 2020 | Semi-structured online/in-person interviews | Cross-sectional |
34 | Pedersen et al. (2022) | Denmark | Adults (18+) | 8,261 | March 20, 2020 – July 22, 2021 | Survey | Repeated cross-sectional |
35 | Severinsen et al. (2021) | Denmark | Pregnant women (in second trimester) and women (aged 20–46) from the general population | Pregnant women: 647 Women: 858 | April 14 – July 3, 2020 | Survey | Cross-sectional |
36 | Eliasen et al. (2022) | Faroe Islands | Older home-dwelling Faroese (aged 82–86) | 227 | Pre-COVID-19: December 2017 – January 2019 COVID-19: June 8 – July 15, 2020 | Pre-COVID-19: survey COVID-19: telephone interviews | Longitudinal |
37 | Bonsaksen et al. (2021a) | Norway, United States, United Kingdom, and Australia | Adults (18+) | 3,810 | April/May 2020 | Online survey | Cross-sectional |
38 | Bonsaksen et al. (2021b) | Norway, US, UK, and Australia | Adults (18+) | 3,474 | October 24 – November 29, 2020 | Online survey | Cross-sectional |
39 | Bonsaksen et al. (2021c) | Norway, US, UK, and Australia | Older adults (60+) | 836 | April/May 2020 | Online survey | Cross-sectional |
40 | Geirdal et al. (2021a) | Norway, US, UK, and Australia | Adults (18+) | 7,284 | April (survey 1) and November (survey 2) 2020 | Online survey | Cross-sectional |
41 | Geirdal et al. (2021b) | Norway, US, UK, and Australia | Adults (18+) | 3,810 | April/May 2020 | Online survey | Cross-sectional |
42 | O’Sullivan et al. (2021) | Finland, combined with 101 other countries in the world | Adults (18+) | 20,398 | June 2 – November 16, 2020 | Online survey | Cross-sectional |
43 | Ruffolo et al. (2021) | Norway, US, UK, and Australia | Adults (18+) | 3,810 | April/May 2020 | Online survey | Cross-sectional |
44 | Varga et al. (2021) | Denmark, France, Netherlands, and UK | Adults (18+) | 205,084 | March – July 2020 | Survey Publicly available data sources | Longitudinal |
45 | Wester et al. (2022) | Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and 25 other countries participating in the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) | Adults (50+) | 36,478 | SHARE wave 8: October 2019 – March 2020 Interviews: June – August 2020 | Telephone interviews | Longitudinal |